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Verbal root
पठ्
paṭh
to read, to recite · पठति
Verified
- गणःClass
- भ्वादिगणः
- Class 1 (bhū class) · शप् (अ)
- पदम्Pada
- परस्मैपदी
- Parasmaipada only
- इट्Connecting इ
- सेट्
- takes इ
- धातुपाठःDhātupāṭha entry
- पठ व्यक्तायां वाचि
Present stem (लट्, लङ्, लोट्, विधिलिङ्)
पठ् + अ
Class 1 (bhvādi): in the present-system lakāras the class marker शप् (अ) is added after the root (कर्तरि शप् 3.1.68).
Future stem (लृट्, लृङ्)
पठ् + इ + स्य → पठिष्य
A seṭ root: the future marker स्य takes a connecting इ, and स् after इ becomes ष् (आदेशप्रत्यययोः 8.3.59).
Notes and irregularities
- A perfectly regular class 1 root, the model for beginners.
- Its aorist has two accepted forms, अपाठीत् and अपठीत्, because vṛddhi is optional here (अतो हलादेर्लघोः 7.2.7).
परस्मैपदम्Parasmaipada (active endings)
An action happening now, or one that happens habitually.
| पुरुषः / वचनम् | एकवचनम्Singular (one) | द्विवचनम्Dual (two) | बहुवचनम्Plural (three or more) |
|---|---|---|---|
| प्रथमThird person | पठति | पठतः | पठन्ति |
| मध्यमSecond person | पठसि | पठथः | पठथ |
| उत्तमFirst person | पठामि | पठावः | पठामः |
Participles and verbal derivatives
क्त
read (was read)
क्त
read (neuter)
क्तवतु
read (he read)
क्तवतु
read (she read)
क्तवतु
read (neuter)
शतृ
reading (masc.)
शतृ
reading (fem.)
शतृ
reading (neut.)
तुमुन्
to read
क्त्वा
having read
तव्यत्
should be read
अनीयर्
worth reading
Examples
- ।chātrāḥ pāṭhaṃ paṭhanti.
The students read the lesson.
- ।ahaṃ saṃskṛtaṃ paṭhāmi.
I study Sanskrit.
- ?śvaḥ tvaṃ kiṃ paṭhiṣyasi?
What will you read tomorrow?
Sources
- पाणिनीय परम्परा, धातुपाठ (Dhātupāṭha)
- वरदराज (Varadarāja), लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी (Laghusiddhāntakaumudī)
- M. R. Kale, A Higher Sanskrit Grammar (1894)
- A. A. Macdonell, A Sanskrit Grammar for Students (1927)